China's extensive reforestation projects, including the 'Great Green Wall,' have dramatically increased forest coverage. However, a new study in Earth's Future shows these efforts have also significantly altered the nation's water distribution patterns.

The research found that increased vegetation leads to higher evapotranspiration, redirecting moisture. While this benefits regions like the Tibetan Plateau, it reduces water availability in eastern and northwestern China, areas critical for population and agriculture. This underscores the complex challenges in balancing ecological restoration with vital water resource management for sustainable development.